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There is increasing demand for starch-based bioplastic because of increasing public awareness and also its unique properties such as renewable, biodegradable, abundance, non-toxic and more. However, due to undesirable characteristics such as poor mechanical and lack of water barrier properties have limited their potential. Despite their limitations, much research has shown the effectiveness addition of fillers (organic and inorganic) towards starch-based bioplastic to improve mechanical and barrier properties. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the effect of organic filler (microcrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, fiber and starch nanocrystals) and inorganic filler (graphene oxide, eggshell powder, montmorillonite, and titanium dioxide nanoparticle) towards the mechanical and water barrier properties of starch-based bioplastic. Since both of the filler exhibited similar results, it can be concluded that by addition of filler either organic or inorganic into starch-based bioplastic can improve the mechanical and water barrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-cellulose composite (ACC) consists of cellulose for both reinforced and matrix phases. ACC has good mechanical, thermal and optical properties due to the compatibility of fiber and matrix phases. However, ACC can change its physical structure and lose strength in the presence of moisture due to abundant hydroxyl group in the cellulose molecules that make ACC hydrophilic. In this present study, the ACC was fabricated by using solvent infusion processing (SIP) from rayon textile. The NaOH/urea was used as the solvent to partially dissolve the cellulose. Then, ACC was treated with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS)/silica (SiO2) to produce superhydrophobic surface of ACC. The FTIR spectra of HDTMS/SiO2 treated ACC showed the new peak appears at 2841 cm−1 and 800 cm−1 that attributed to -CH2 stretching and Si-O-CH3 vibrations, respectively. The surface morphology of HDTMS/SiO2 treated ACC was rougher compared to untreated ACC. Furthermore, the HDTMS/SiO2 treated ACC exhibited superhydrophobic with water contact angle beyond 157°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) is one of the materials that can be synthesized by utilizing the abundance of lignocellulosic biomass in nature. MCC can be obtained from wood and non-wood biomass. This study aims to produce MCC from wood (sengon wood) and non-wood (water hyacinth) biomass sources and study their characteristics. MCC is obtained through dewaxing, alkalization, bleaching, and hydrolysis processes. The dewaxing step was carried out using toluene:ethanol (2:1), then WH and SW were alkalized using 5% NaOH, bleached using 5% NaOH and 3% H2O2, and then hydrolyzed using 5% HCl. FTIR spectra of both biomass MCCs confirm the presence of cellulose with specific absorption at 3400-3504, 2902-2922, 1627-1639, and 1055-1060 cm−1. X-ray diffractogram of both MCCs show typical peaks of MCC at 2θ = 5-16, 22.5, and 34°. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity index (CrI) of MCC isolated from water hyacinth was higher than sengon wood with CrI values of 80.49 and 79.67% respectively. The high crystallinity of MCC from water hyacinth makes its thermal stability better than sengon wood. The results of the SEM analysis showed that the MCC from water hyacinth had an irregular shape, while the MCC from sengon wood had cylindrical and rod shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) based on lignocellulosic oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) shows its potential as a stabilizer in multiphase systems because of its large specific surface area. This study aims to isolate CNF from OPEFB and its application as a particle stabilizer for pickering emulsion. OPEFB was isolated mechanically using an ultrafine grinding-ultrasonication combination process. Ultrasonication lasts 30-60 minutes with a frequency of 20 kHz and an amplitude of 80%. Furthermore, 0.5% (w/v) CNF was optimized as oil and water (o/w) emulsion particle stabilizer. The results showed that CNF with ultrasonication treatment for 60 minutes had a diameter of 54.80 ± 0.85 nm, a degree of crystallinity of 66.75%, and a potential zeta value of -40.77 ± 1.05 mV. The emulsification process with a combination of ultra turrax homogenization at 9,500 rpm and ultrasonication resulted in 7.78 ± 0.71 µm emulsion droplets which were stable against coalescence and Ostwal ripening. In general, this study provides basic knowledge about the appropriate method for the emulsification process of picking emulsions using CNF particles isolated from OPEFB. In conclusion, nano-sized cellulose particles based on palm oil mill industrial waste can be applied as a high-value-added biomaterial for eco-friendly emulsion pickering stabilizer particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's mangrove ecosystems make up 23 percent of the world's total mangrove ecosystems. In the decomposition of mangrove leaf litter, the presence of microorganisms in the mangrove ecosystem plays a crucial role. Cellulolytic bacteria are very capable of digesting cellulose and have a rapid growth rate relative to other microorganisms. For the management of mangrove forest areas, research on the existence of cellulolytic bacteria in mangrove regions is required. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the variety of bacteria in mangrove ecosystems, particularly in Indonesia. This research attempts to find cellulose-degrading bacteria from the sediments of the Blanakan mangroves. This study was conducted by collecting sediment samples, preparing CMC agar media, isolating bacteria, assessing cellulolytic activity, and conducting physiological and morphological tests. The findings of the isolation revealed twenty-four distinct isolates, distinguished by color, edge, surface, and colony morphology. Five of the isolates exhibited either a clear zone or a cellulase index. The cellulase index ranges from 2.3 to 4, and station II, which is 500 meters from the mangrove region, has the highest cellulase index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) was the ideal replacement for petroleum-based plastic, owing to its biocompatible, non-toxicity and naturally by bacteria. However, PHBV has high brittleness due to high crystallinity, becoming a major challenge for PHBV commercial production and limiting its use in molded products. Natural rubber (NR) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) created an excellent opportunity to enhance the modulus and minimize the effect of non-degradable materials utilized in the polymer matrix. This study demonstrates the formation of PHBV/NR/CNC ternary nanocomposites to obtain a commodity biomaterial with improved mechanical properties. The effects of CNC loadings (1, 3, 5 wt.%) on the mechanical properties and structure of the PHBV/NR/CNC nanocomposites were investigated. Based on the tensile test, the use of the CNC brought a more pronounced positive impact (especially 1wt.% CNC) to the PHBV/NR blend matrix, where it enhanced the tensile Young's modulus of the PHBV/NR/CNC nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the success of peroxide crosslinking after the melt compounding process by using a heated two-roll mill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vector borne disease such as dengue has been reported to caused millions of deaths every year. The use of larvicide in killing mosquito larvae at the breeding site is considered as an effective method to curb the spread of the disease due to the organism mainly live underneath the water surfaces. However, current larvicide formulation resulted in non-targeted delivery of the larvicide due to it is prone to sink to the bottom of the water, and unable to float longer in water surfaces which subsequently reduced its effectiveness. Therefore, recent advances in nanotechnology have benefited nanocellulose from natural fiber such as kenaf to potentially be used as larvicide carrier due to its excellent nano physicochemical properties, biodegradable and renewable. The use of nanocellulose as larvicide carrier is meeting responsible consumption and production of United Nation sustainable development goal in achieving sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources. In addition, larvicide formulations should be environmental-friendly by fulfilling the criteria of being biodegradable and low toxicity to non-target organisms in promoting sustainable development goal of good health and well-being. Herein, this review will focus on the cellulose nanofiber in terms of its isolation process, properties, use as carrier material and its safety in the in vitro and in vivo model in terms of oral and dermal toxicity as well as toxicity against aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents test methods for cellulose textile and wood materials impregnated with fire retardants of grades which include element-containing compounds based on vermiculite, orthophosphoric acid, as well as polyols for textile materials. In addition, test data on physical and mechanical parameters, flame propagation speed and sample burning time, as well as on the smoke generation of these materials are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite hydrogel beads bio-sorbent was introduced through this work by cross-linking cellulose, chitosan, magnetite, and alginate (CCMA) for removal of heavy metal copper. The effect of CCMA's dosage and contact time in adsorbate solution was also studied through this work to determine the highest percentage of copper metal, Cu (II) removal. Based on the effect of CCMA dosage and adsorption contact time in copper solution studied, an excellent percentage of Cu (II) removal of 97.47% was achieved at 4g of CCMA dosage and 24-hour contact time to reach its adsorption equilibrium state. Moreover, the thermal properties and stability of CCMA investigated through TGA analysis in this work revealed that the thermal stability of CCMA was significantly improved with a high mass residual of 92.35% compared to cellulose and chitosan powder. Thus, it is proven that the cross-linking of cellulose-chitosan-magnetite-alginate (CCMA) in this work was successfully done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmosis membranes have been widely used in industries for water purification, wastewater treatment, and biomedical applications. However, the current membranes still have some drawbacks, such as water flow resistance and vulnerability to fouling. Therefore, the development of more efficient and durable osmosis membranes is highly necessary. In this research, the researchers used bacterial nanocellulose extracted from Sargassum sp. as a material for producing more efficient osmosis membranes. The methods used in this study were experiments with two treatments: (1) control, and (2) Bacterial cellulose with a concentration of 1.0 wt% CuO nanoparticles. The nanocellulose was produced using a high-pressure homogenizer, followed by the synthesis of acetate nanocellulose and characterization of the nanocomposite membrane functionalized with CuO nanoparticles. The membranes were characterized using FTIR and XRD analysis. Bacterial cellulose from seaweed was successfully formed with a thickness of 1-3 cm. The results of the characterization analysis showed that the formed bacterial cellulose belonged to Cellulose type I with a crystalline degree ranging from 88.7% to 85.7%. The dry osmosis membranes were analyzed based on their functional groups using FTIR. The analysis revealed changes in transmittance at the peaks of O-H at wavenumbers 3122-3414 and Cu-O at wavenumber 424-673, resulting from the addition of CuO nanoparticles and causing changes in the value of the O-H bond in bacterial cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano fibrillated Cellulose (NFC) refers to nanoparticles derived from cellulose, serving as a reinforcing agent in bioplastics to enhance their mechanical properties. This research aims to develop cellulose-based macroinitiators from NFC for use as an eco-friendly bioplastic raw material. The NFC isolation process involved extracting α-cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB), encompassing steps such as delignification, swelling, bleaching, and hydrolysis. The cellulose isolation yield achieved was 29.33%. The synthesis of macroinitiators was undertaken to substitute the hydroxyl group (-OH) in cellulose with an alkyl halide, specifically Ethyl-α-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB). The FTIR spectra of α-cellulose and NFC exhibited primary absorption regions at wavelengths of 3411.01 cm−1 and 3317.3 cm−1; 1064.71 cm−1 and 1021.3 cm−1; and 1157.28 cm−1 and 1155.4 cm−1, indicating the presence of OH, CH, and COC bonds, respectively. The cellulose-BiB macroinitiator displayed absorption peaks at 3379.89 cm−1, 1749.24 cm−1, and 500-600 cm−1, signifying OH, C=O, and C-Br bonds, respectively. SEM analysis results indicated the separation of fibers due to the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. TEM analysis revealed that the produced NFC had an average diameter of 9 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench baggase is abundant in Indonesia which can be a potential source of cellulose. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) is one of the cellulose-based nanomaterial that have a good psychochemical properties for composite. This study aims to characterize the isolated cellulose nanofibers from sweet sorghum bagasse using a combination of chemical and mechanical treatment. Cellulose fibers were isolated from sorghum bagasse powder by alkalinization using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then the bleaching process using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) followed by alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP). Furthermore, cellulose fibers were fibrillated using ultrafine grinder with six different distances of gap in grinder (from zero position): -10; -30; -50; -70; -90; and -110 µm with 5 passes in each gap. Chemical content analysis of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench fibers showed that the content of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are 35.06%, 11.25%, and 20.07%. The the combination of soda pulping and bleaching process successfully removed almost all the lignin content up to 94.5% and significantly purified the sorghum fiber with achieved 86.92% of cellulose content. The FT-IR spectra showed a peak around 1427 cm-1, indicating the presence of crystallinity band or the vibration of symmetrical CH2 in the FT-IR spectrum, which only appears in bleached pulp and cellulose pulp. FE-SEM images showed that the diameter of fibrillated fiber could reach 22.4 nm. The XRD analysis indicated the highest crystallinity using an ultrafine grinder through-110 µm, which was 57.25%. These results showed that the different distances of gap affected the size and crystallinity index of sorghum cellulose nanofibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple leaves and oil palm fronds are the main potential biomass source in Indonesia, where they grow in large quantities. Both of them are contain of high cellulose that can be transformed into cellulose nano fibril (CNF). In this study, CNF from bleached pineapple leaf pulp and bleached oil palm frond pulp was obtained by mechanical treatment using Masuko Sangyo ultrafine grinder. Moreover, CNF-P (CNF from pineapple leaves) and CNF-O (CNF from oil palm fronds) were analyzed for their properties of zeta potential, rheology, and morphology. Determination of lignocellulose content in the bleached pineapple leaf pulp and bleached oil palm fronds pulp were also done in this study. For the results, the cellulose content of bleached pineapple leaf pulp is higher than the bleached oil palm fronds pulp, which is 64,68% and 59,11%. The characteristics ofCNF-P are it has a white color in the suspension, a low zeta potential (-52,6 mV), and a high viscosity (131,68 mPa.s-1). While characteristics ofCNF-O are it has a light brown suspension, the zeta potential of-41,6 mV, and 114,11 mPa.s-1 of the viscosity. Both CNF-P and CNF-O have an average fiber diameter of 50 nm and have a good stability emulsion. The physicochemical properties of CNF is depend on the material source using produced the CNF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation is one of the methods that can prevent the cells from the toxic acid hydrolyzate. Sodium microcrystalline cellulose sulfate (NaMCS) was evaluated as a supporting compound for capsule cells alginate-chitosan-microcrystalline cellulose sulfate for ethanol production from the lignocellulosic hydrolyzate. The effect of capsule preparation variables such as the composition of Na-alginate and Na-MCS, the pH of buffer acetate, and the concentration of CaCl2 as a crosslinker agent on the capsule characteristics were also investigated. NaMCS was obtained by sulfation of MCC microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) using chlorosulfonic acid-dimethylformamide complexes as a sulfation agent. NaMCS was then analyzed by IR (infrared) and HNMR spectrometry, as well as the degree of substitution (DS), using conductometry titration. The capsule compositions consist of alginate (0.45, 0.54, and 0,60%), NaMCS (0, 0.06, and 0.15%), 1.3% CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), 1.3% CaCl2, and a coating material consist of 0.2% chitosan, and (25, 50, and 50mM) CaCl2. The encapsulation method is a one-step method, liquid droplet forming. The capsule cells were used in batch fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 50% lignocellulosic hydrolyzate media. This research revealed that the preparation of Na-MCS from microcrystalline cellulose resulted in a low degree of substitution (DS = 0.104). The low DS influenced the character of the Alg-Chit-MCS microcapsule. Increasing the concentration of Na-MCS with low DS in Alg-Chit-MCS resulted in a weak and un-spherical capsule. The optimum capsule membrane was prepared using NaMCS with a concentration of 0.06%. High ethanol yield resulted from the capsule with the composition of 0.54% alginate, 0,06% NaMCS, 1.3% CMC, 1.3% CaCl2, coating with 0.2% chitosan, CaCl2 300 mM, and pH buffer acetate of 5. Investigating the effects of Na-MCS with higher DS may be worthwhile since this may improve membrane quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitivity to process conditions and high cost of utilizing enzymes present difficulties for the utilization of enzyme processes in biotechnology. The use of cellulose was one of many experiments that were developed to examine enzyme carrier agents. In this study, cellulose from solid agar industry wastes were used to examine hydrogels made from an alginate matrix enhanced with cellulose. Cellulose from agar waste was extracted, disintegrated chemo-mechanically using sulfuric acid hydrolysis, and sonicated to generate microfibrillated cellulose (MFC). This study aimed to characterize the properties of alginate-based hydrogels as papain enzyme immobilizers with the addition of MFC from agar waste. Bleached and neutralized aqueous MFC was added in amounts up to 2 mL to the alginate-based hydrogel formulations with concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, and 1% (w/v). The hydrogel's characteristics were analyzed, including the gel fraction, swelling, and enzyme release properties as papain enzyme immobilizers. The results showed a significant difference between alginate and hydrogels with the addition of MFC. The alginate-MFC hydrogels produced the best swelling ratio of 91.67. This treatment resulted in the lowest enzyme release effectiveness at 12 percent at 1 hour and reached 97.12 percent at 24 hours. Cellulose from the agar processing industries can improve the characteristics of the alginate hydrogels and control the enzyme release. These results demonstrate the utilization of agar waste, which, once cleaned and the cellulose extracted, can be used for the enzyme carrier's scaffold, which is very useful in bioprocessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is very abundant of agricultural waste including rice husk, it can be used as raw material for bioplastics. This research has been effecting of rice husk cellulose extraction method on the physico-chemical properties bioplastics with addition plasticizers. The extraction method consists of precipitation and heating methods. This study to determine effect of cellulose preparation with extraction on physico-chemical properties of bioplastics. Rice husk precipitation method was each addition 5% NaOH and Na2CO3, The rice husk autoclave method added 6% NaOH, 2.5% H2O2 and water. Rice husk were added NaOH 5 M of microwave exposure. The results of maseration method was greater are 55.68% cellulose content than using autoclave and microwave pretreatments, but the color was whiter through microwave exposure. The tensile strength value of bioplastics with the optimum extraction and heating methods (autoclave and microwave) has a tensile strength of 2.08 MPa; 3.96 MPa, 2.57 MPa and 0.97% elongation; 0.54%; and 0.75%. The physical characteristic data obtained were using a two-way randomized completely design analyzed of variance (ANOVA) if there is very real difference proceed with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). F-value (557.04) > F-table (4.46) has shown that cellulose extraction pretreatment method had a very significant effect on all test parameters. Soaking and heating greatly affect the amount of cellulose from the rice husks produced. Likewise the white color produced after beaching. Rice Husk Cellulose Bioplastics can be degraded within 21 days on soil media. Functional groups that appeared the peak of O-H stretching of PSS bioplastic has a shift in wave number from 3414.00 to 3441.01 cm−1. The AUS and MCS bioplastics which shifted from 3415.93 to 3419.79 cm−1 and 3412.08 to 3439.08 cm−1. The C-N peak was in the 1350-1000 cm−1 area. 1641.42 cm−1 for MSS and AUS bioplastics, H-O-H as a water absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The properties and stability of the emulsion can be greatly influenced by changes in the polarity of the oil used in it. This is due to the characteristics of each emulsifier which has a certain compatibility with polar and non-polar oils or solvents. Here we describe the characteristics of an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as a Pickering agent or stabilizer for emulsions with different oil phase polarities: Ethyl acetate, Toluene, and Hexane. The viscosity, distribution of droplet size, and creaming index were investigated to learn the effect of oil polarity on emulsion stability. The result showed that the emulsification process of the Pickering emulsion in all types of oil phase polarity is depends on the CNF concentration. CNF 2% indicates the most suitable concentration for all type of oil phase. The viscosity of Pickering emulsion increases with the decrease in the polarity of the oil phase. It was confirmed by the droplet size distribution of the emulsion, whereas the droplet size for the emulsion with lower oil phase polarity (hexane) was smaller than the droplet size for the emulsion with high polarity (ethyl acetate), about 4.3 µm and 7.67 µm respectively. The CNF was more suitable for non-polar solvents, as seen by the stability of hexane in water emulsion for 30 days of storage, which is better than Toluene and Ethyl Acetate. In addition, the difference in viscosity, droplet size, and creaming index of hexane in water are less than those of the others after storage, which shows better stability. Studying the interaction of the particle as a stabilizer with different oil phase polarity, we can easily alter the viscosity and stability of the Pickering emulsion based on the product concept and requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignocellulose fractionation is one of promising processes that enables utilization of lignin and cellulose from certain plantation. Especially for Indonesia that has abundant resources of biomass wood-like waste, this process can be an essential step for previously mentioned waste. In this work, empty fruit bunch of palm oil plantation fractionation attempts were conducted by reacting it with formic acid as internal hydrogen source. Numbers of solvents were used to assist C-O cleavage such as alcohols, water, gamma valerolactone, and combination of solvents. Performance of each fractionation attempt was evaluated using analytical method developed by US NREL (United States National Renewable Energy Laboratory) to determine degree of delignification and hemicellulose removal. Of all attempted combination, highest hemicellulose removal and delignification was achieved using a butanol-water-formic acid system at 180 oC with 100 and 83 % for hemicellulose removal and delignification respectively. Thus, this simple approach can be a potential viable solution for lignocellulose utilization in the future to minimize the environmental burden due to lignocellulose waste accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for food packaging increases along with population and economic growth in Indonesia. Styrofoam is one of the food packaging that humans need because it is practical, lightweight, inexpensive, water-resistant, and has good heat and cold resistance. However, styrofoam negatively impacts health and the environment because styrofoam contains harmful chemicals such as styrene. Styrofoam destruction through burning can cause air pollution because the combustion results in dioxin gas which can interfere with human respiration. One of the solutions to reduce the negative impact of Styrofoam is the utilization of biomass as a raw ingredient used in the production of biodegradable foam. In 2019, palm oil production in Indonesia reached 48.42 million tons/year, 26% of which were empty palm oil fruit bunches (EFB). The cellulose content in EFB is high enough to be used for various applications. One of the applications of EFB is the raw material in producing biodegradable foam, an alternative to eco-friendly packaging to replace Styrofoam. Oil palm empty fruit bunches contain 84% -cellulose. This shows that the cellulose of EFB has excellent potential as one of the raw materials for producing biodegradable foam. In addition to EFB, the raw materials include starch, chitosan, magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol, and distilled water. Production of biodegradable foam with a size of 19 cm x 13 cm x 0.3 cm requires 1.5-6 grams of cellulose or 11-44 grams of fresh EFB. Currently, biodegradable foam still has bad characteristics, so it is necessary to add additives to enhance the properties of biodegradable foam. This study examines the effects of chitosan on tensile strength, water absorption, biodegradability, density, and melting point of biodegradable foam. The production of biodegradable foam in this study used the thermopressing method at operating conditions of 120°C for 2.5 minutes. The most optimum results in this study obtained a tensile strength value of 3.79 MPa, water absorption capacity of 9.81%, decomposition capacity of 48.52% for 21 days, and a melting point of 82.94°C, namely the starch composition of 50 % w/w, chitosan 15% w/w, cellulose 5% w/w, PVA 20% w/w and magnesium stearate 10% w/w. This study revealed that adding chitosan increased the density, tensile strength, and melting point but decreased the absorption and decomposition of biodegradable foam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcrystalline cellulose has an essential role as one of the excipients in the pharmaceutical industry. The research was conducted over several years to examine the lignocellulosic materials by various methods to become alternative resources. This work aimed to study the characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose synthesized by microwave-assisted treatments from sugarcane bagasse. The production of microcrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic material consists of three main processes, which are delignification, bleaching, and hydrolysis. This study focused on the characterization of the product from the hydrolysis process using hydrochloric acid (HCl) assisted by microwave which was performed at varied times (10-50 minutes), temperatures (80-90°C), HCl concentration (1-3M), and solid-liquid ratios (1:10-1:30). The crystallinity of the micro-cellulose produced was analysis by FTIR while the composition was analysed by the Chesson-Datta method. Through the treatments, microcrystalline cellulose was successfully synthesized from sugarcane bagasse. The highest crystallinity fraction of 58.67% was formed by hydrolysis using an HCl concentration of 3 M at 85°C for 40 minutes. Meanwhile, the lowest crystallinity fraction of 47.53% was formed at 3 M, 80°C for 30 minutes. This research also showed that 61.20% was the highest cellulose content and 3.99% was the lowest lignin content of sugarcane bagasse pulp, which was obtained at 3M, 85°C for 50 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]